BDSM practitioner Madelaine Thomas represents not at all your typical tech founder. After repeated occurrences of individuals leaking her intimate photographs, she felt "sufficiently outraged to take action" and looked to tech solutions for answers.
"Those were striking images, I'm unapologetic of the pictures, I'm embarrassed of the manner that they were used against me by an individual who I don't know," said Madelaine.
Little over a year after launching her company, Image Angel, which uses invisible forensic watermarking to identify abusers, has won several awards and was recommended as exemplary procedure in an independent pornography review recently.
This marks quite a departure from her previous career in offering consensual sexual encounters, dominating clients in the realms of BDSM.
Intimate image abuse, commonly known as image-based abuse, is a criminal offence with offenders facing up to two years in prison.
It is far from an issue exclusively faced by those in the sex industry. A report suggests that around 1.42% of the UK female population is impacted by this form of abuse each year.
Madelaine, thirty-seven, said victims lived with feelings of humiliation. "In my view a lot of people will say, 'you shared a saucy picture out on the internet, what do you anticipate?'," she said.
"I expect respect, I expect consideration, and I expect trust, and I fail to understand why those are up for debate," she continued. "The reality that those images could be then shared in my community or with my loved ones and employed to cause them pain, that's unacceptable, that's not my choice, that's not my mistake, that's an individual being an abuser."
Madelaine has been practicing as a professional dominatrix, mainly online, for a decade and consistently found her work liberating and satisfying. "I am as a dominant woman, a woman who is confident and powerful, giving my body as a treat to someone of my own volition," she described.
"Some believe it's strange but I don't see it any differently to a nutritionist or an financial advisor providing a service," she added.
She embraces being something of an anomaly in the technology sector. "I understand that it's unconventional, it's remarkable to think that an individual who was a dominatrix is now a creator of a tech company, but it required someone who has experienced it firsthand to know the flaws and the changes that were necessary," she stated.
She insisted she was not in the least bit techy and was able to build her company after a lot of late nights, investigation and "consulting experts" who understand tech.
Image Angel can be used by any digital service where people exchange photos, for instance dating apps, social networks and websites.
When an image is accessed by a viewer, it is automatically embedded with an invisible forensic watermark which is unique to them.
This covert marker is encoded within the copy of the image itself and can survive screen shots, being altered and being re-captured with a different camera.
It means that if you discover your image has been shared without your consent, providing the platform you posted it on has the technology embedded, the viewer's details will be hidden within the image and can be retrieved by a data recovery specialist so legal steps can follow.
Currently, one platform has adopted her tech and she's in talks with several more.
"This technology already exists in the film industry, it already exists in live television so this is not an untested concept, it's just a new application and a different framework," said Madelaine.
"We have validated it, we're collaborating with a company that has decades of expertise in developing technology so we are confident that this is reliable and what we now need to do is deploy it widely," she added.
She expressed hope she believed the technology would also act as a preventive measure to would-be perpetrators.
An advocate from a leading helpline commented she had seen first-hand the trauma and guilt intimate image abuse caused for victims.
"If that self-blame is reinforced by a misinformed friend or service who says 'what did you expect?' that guilt can really be deepened so it's really important that the support somebody is provided with is that they have not done anything wrong," she emphasized.
She noted it was inspiring that Madelaine was leveraging her ordeal to create solutions, saying: "It is vital to have this comprehensive strategy towards addressing technology-enabled gender-based abuse, because a single solution is going to be able to tackle this alone, no one helpline, it needs to be this integrated effort."
TV presenter Jess Davies was just 15 when images of her in her underwear were circulated within her local community. It was the beginning of multiple violations Jess experienced in her youth that would later shape her advocacy work.
"It took so long, too long for someone to say to me, 'you are not to blame' and 'that shouldn't have happened'," recalled Jess.
She too is dedicated to eliminating the shame of this crime from the survivors to the perpetrators. "There is no offence to willingly share an photo to someone," said Jess.
"But it is a crime to distribute that without consent and I think that should invariably be where the responsibility is," she affirmed.
A tech journalist and AI enthusiast with over a decade of experience covering digital transformation and emerging technologies.